Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of wire drawing dies（2）
Although wire drawing dies can be used to process various metal and alloy materials such as steel, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, etc., different material drawing dies have their own applicable processing range. When processing the same wire, the wear morphology and service life of different material drawing dies vary greatly. Therefore, the reasonable selection of drawing die materials is the key to ensuring successful application. Different material drawing dies have their relatively reasonable processing objects. The rationality of drawing processing mainly refers to the matching of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties between the drawing die and the wire rod to achieve the longest mold service life. For example, when drawing copper wires with the same diameter, the service life of polycrystalline diamond molds is 300-500 times that of hard alloy molds, 80-100 times that of nickel wires, 50-80 times that of hard alloy molds, and 20-60 times that of carbon steel molds. Due to the lack of systematic research on the matching theory between drawing dies and wire rods in China, blind selection has resulted in resource waste. The friction and wear situation of wire drawing dies is very complex, generally divided into two categories: damage and friction and wear. The failure of wire drawing dies can be divided into circular failure, tensile failure, shear failure, and support surface failure. Friction wear can be divided into wear, friction wear, corrosion wear, abrasion, and wear caused by fine particles. The different working conditions (wire material, drawing die material, lubricant, etc.) result in unique processes of wear and failure of the drawing die. The interrelationship between the wear and tear of wire drawing dies is essentially interrelated. The internal situation of the wire drawing die may be very subtle, and some factors may act simultaneously. Their superposition effect is very complex and difficult to understand. The role of one factor may mask the role of other factors, and the above forms of damage and friction wear may often be intertwined, increasing the difficulty of analyzing the damage and wear mechanism of wire drawing dies. But overall, the order of wear resistance of various material drawing dies from high to low is: diamond drawing dies (without considering the anisotropy of natural diamonds) - ceramic drawing dies - hard alloy dies - obsolete alloy steel dies.
Through research on the materials of wire drawing dies, it has been found that wire drawing dies are developing towards high strength, high hardness, and high wear resistance. Various new materials that meet the requirements are emerging in endlessly. The wear resistance of wire drawing dies is greatly improved, and the time for wear and damage is significantly delayed. The service life of wire drawing dies is continuously increasing, and the processing accuracy has also been improved to a certain extent. The application range of drawing processing is gradually expanding, and various specifications of wire can be processed from coarse to fine, and special molds have emerged for processing irregular wire.
